Irregular Preterite in Spanish: the pretérito grave verbs

Short answer

A group of verbs takes a new stem and one shared set of unstressed endings -e, -iste, -o, -imos, -isteis, -ieron: tuve, estuve, pude, puse, hice, quise, vine, dije. Ser and ir share a single form: fui, fuiste, fue.

Level A2 · verbs, past, indefinido, irregular

The rule in full

Strong preterites. New stem + one shared set of endings — and no accents.

Endings: -e, -iste, -o, -imos, -isteis, -ieron

VerbStemyoél
tenertuv-tuvetuvo
estarestuv-estuveestuvo
poderpud-pudepudo
ponerpus-pusepuso
sabersup-supesupo
hacerhic-hicehizo
quererquis-quisequiso
venirvin-vinevino

Stems ending in j drop the i: -eron, not -ieron.

  • decir → dij- → dijeron; traer → traj- → trajeron; conducir → conduj- → condujeron

Completely irregular

ser / irdarver
yofuidivi
fuistedisteviste
élfuediovio
nosotrosfuimosdimosvimos
vosotrosfuisteisdisteisvisteis
ellosfuerondieronvieron

ser and ir are identical — context tells them apart: Fui médico / Fui a Madrid.

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