Spanish Present Subjunctive: forms and core uses
Short answer
Take the yo form, drop the -o and swap the vowel: hablar → hable, comer → coma. It follows expressions of wish, doubt, emotion and necessity — quiero que vengas, es importante que estudies.
Level B1 · verbs, subjunctive
The rule in full
How to build it: take the yo form of the present, drop the -o, add the opposite endings.
| hablar (→ -e) | comer (→ -a) | vivir (→ -a) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| yo | hable | coma | viva |
| tú | hables | comas | vivas |
| él/ella | hable | coma | viva |
| nosotros | hablemos | comamos | vivamos |
| vosotros | habléis | comáis | viváis |
| ellos | hablen | coman | vivan |
An irregular yo carries over: tengo → tenga, hago → haga, digo → diga, conozco → conozca.
Six truly irregular verbs
| ser | estar | ir | haber | saber | dar |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| sea | esté | vaya | haya | sepa | dé |
When to use it — after a verb of wish, emotion, doubt or influence, with que and a different subject:
| Trigger | Example |
|---|---|
| Wish | Quiero que vengas. |
| Emotion | Me alegro de que estés aquí. |
| Doubt / denial | No creo que sea verdad. |
| Influence | Te pido que hables con él. |
| Impersonal | Es importante que estudies. |
Same subject → infinitive: Quiero venir.
Keep this rule where you will actually see it again
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