Si Clauses in Spanish: real, unreal and impossible

Short answer

Three patterns: si + present + future for the possible (si llueve, no saldré); si + imperfect subjunctive + conditional for the unreal (si tuviera dinero, viajaría); si + pluperfect subjunctive + conditional perfect for the impossible past.

Level B2 · verbs, subjunctive, conditional

The rule in full

Three patterns. Never put si directly with the present subjunctive or the conditional.

Typesi-clauseMain clauseExample
Real (likely)present indicativepresent / future / imperativeSi tengo tiempo, iré.
Unreal (present)imperfecto de subjuntivocondicional simpleSi tuviera tiempo, iría.
Unreal (past)pluscuamperfecto de subj.condicional compuestoSi hubiera tenido tiempo, habría ido.

The order can flip: Iría si tuviera tiempo.

como si always takes the imperfecto de subjuntivo: Habla como si lo supiera todo.

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