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English A2 starter notebook

for Portuguese speakers · 5 grammar rules · 15 words · 10 example sentences

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Grammar rules

Present Simple vs Present Continuous

A2#verbos#presente#gramática

Usamos dois presentes diferentes em inglês:

  • Present Simple: hábitos e fatos. Ex.: I work every day.
  • Present Continuous: ações acontecendo agora. Ex.: I am working now.
UsoTempo verbal
Rotina / hábitoPresent Simple
Agora, neste momentoPresent Continuous (am/is/are + verbo-ing)

Na 3ª pessoa do singular (he/she/it) o Present Simple leva -s: She works.

Past Simple (regulares e irregulares)

A2#verbos#passado

Usamos o Past Simple para ações terminadas no passado.

  • Verbos regulares: acrescente -ed. Ex.: play → played, work → worked.
  • Verbos irregulares: têm forma própria. Ex.: go → went, have → had, see → saw.

Na forma negativa e interrogativa usamos did + verbo no infinitivo:

  • I did not (didn't) go.
  • Did you go?

Comparatives and Superlatives

A2#adjetivos#comparação

Para comparar coisas:

  • Comparativo (curtos): adjetivo + -er + than. Ex.: taller than, cheaper than.
  • Superlativo (curtos): the + adjetivo + -est. Ex.: the tallest.

Com adjetivos longos usamos more / the most:

  • more expensive than / the most expensive

Irregulares importantes: good → better → the best; bad → worse → the worst.

Going to (futuro e planos)

A2#futuro#verbos

Usamos be going to para planos e intenções futuras.

Estrutura: am/is/are + going to + verbo

  • I am going to study tonight.
  • She is going to travel next week.

Também usamos para previsões com evidência clara:

  • Look at the clouds! It is going to rain.

Countable and Uncountable nouns (some / any)

A2#substantivos#quantidade

Alguns substantivos são contáveis (apple, book) e outros incontáveis (water, money, rice).

  • some: frases afirmativas. Ex.: I have some water.
  • any: negativas e perguntas. Ex.: I don't have any money. / Do you have any questions?

Com incontáveis não usamos plural nem a/an: dizemos some advice, nunca an advice.

Vocabulary

EnglishPortuguesePart of speech
to affordter dinheiro para (pagar)verb
adviceconselhonoun
to borrowpegar emprestadoverb
neighbourvizinhonoun
busyocupadoadjective
to improvemelhorarverb
weathertempo (clima)noun
on timena hora certaphrase
to look forward toestar ansioso por / aguardar com expectativaphrase
expensivecaroadjective
to enjoygostar de / aproveitarverb
tripviagemnoun
to needprecisar deverb
almostquaseadverb
to find outdescobrir / ficar sabendophrase

Example sentences

  • I am going to visit my grandmother next weekend.

    Eu vou visitar minha avó no próximo fim de semana.

  • She can't afford a new car this year.

    Ela não tem dinheiro para um carro novo este ano.

  • This restaurant is more expensive than the one near my house.

    Este restaurante é mais caro do que o que fica perto da minha casa.

  • We didn't have any milk, so I went to the shop.

    Nós não tínhamos leite, então eu fui à loja.

  • My neighbour always arrives on time for work.

    Meu vizinho sempre chega na hora certa para o trabalho.

  • I really enjoy reading books in the evening.

    Eu gosto muito de ler livros à noite.

  • Can you give me some advice about my English?

    Você pode me dar algum conselho sobre o meu inglês?

  • The weather was bad, so we stayed at home.

    O tempo estava ruim, então nós ficamos em casa.

  • I am looking forward to our trip to London.

    Estou ansioso pela nossa viagem a Londres.

  • She wants to improve her English before the summer.

    Ela quer melhorar o inglês dela antes do verão.

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